Injury / Condition

Treatment Options

Torn Knee Ligaments:

• Anterior Cruciate

• Posterior Cruciate

• Medial Collateral

• Lateral Collateral

• Knee Bracing and Structured Rehabilitation

• Primary Suture-Repair

• Surgical Reconstruction using autograft or allograft tendon tissue

Meniscus Derangement
(torn "knee cartilage")

• Meniscus Repair

• Meniscus Excision (meniscectomy)

• Meniscus Replacement (allograft transplantation)

Knee Arthritis (a.k.a. osteoarthritis, or "degenerative joint disease")

• Weight Loss, Oral Anti-Inflammatory Medication, Nutritional Cartilage Support Therapy, Special Bracing/Orthotics

• Injection Treatment (Synvisc, Hyalgan, cortisone)

• Arthroscopic Debridement and Chondroplasty (joint "housecleaning")

• Realignment Osteotomy (femur or tibia)

• Joint Replacement or Hemi-Replacement

Articular (joint surface) Defects

• Arthroscopic Chondroplasty (cartilage shaving/smoothing)

• Local Abrasion Arthroplasty

• (bone surface abrasion)

• Drilling or "Microfracture" treatment of bone surface

• "O.A.T.S." Procedures (osteo-articular auto-transplantation surgery)

• "A.C.I." Surgery (cartilage biopsy with cell culture and re-implantation)

• Osteo-articular Allografting

Patellar Malalignment / Instability
(maltracking, subluxation, dislocation)

• Structured Rehabilitation and Knee Bracing

• Lateral Retinacular Release

• Medial Retinacular . Repair/Reconstruction vs. Thermal Retinacular Tightening

• Patellar Realignment Surgery

• (distal and/or proximal)

Patellar Chondromalacia

• Weight loss, Oral Anti-Inflammatory Medication, Nutritional Cartilage Support Therapy

• Structured Rehabilitation

• Arthroscopic Chondroplasty

• Lateral Retinacular Release

• Tibial (distal) Extensor Mechanism Realignment Osteotomy

Knee Tendon Conditions:

• Jumper's Knee (patellar tendinitis)

• Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

• Quadriceps/Patellar Tendon Rupture

• Snapping Biceps, Hamstring or Popliteus Tendons

• Physical Therapy/Rehabilitation

• Injection Treatment

• Surgical Tendon Repair

• Tendon Grafting / Reconstruction

• Tendon Release vs. Tenodesis

Synovial (joint membrane) Disorders:

• Traumatic Synovitis

• PVNS (pigmented villonodular synovitis)

• Rheumatoid Synovitis

• Anti-Inflammatory Medication and Physical Therapy

• Injection Treatment (cortisone, Synvisc, Hyalgan)

• Arthroscopic Synovectomy

Osteochondritis Dissecans

("O.C.D.")

• Activity Reduction, Observation

• Arthroscopic Drilling / Debridement

• Osteochondral Plug Grafting

• Internal Fixation, with or without Retrograde or Anterograde Bone Grafting

• Removal of Loose Bone/Cartilage Fragments from Joint

Knee Arthrofibrosis / Contracture
(stiff or "frozen" joint syndrome)

• Joint Manipulation (forcible stretching) under anesthesia followed by intensive Physical Therapy

• Arthroscopic Scar Removal

• Arthroscopic Retinacular Release

• Open Capsular Release

• Tendon Lengthening / Release

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

("R.S.D")

Note: Treatment is rendered in "team" fashion (orthopedic and anesthesia pain management)

• Non-Operative Treatment (physical therapy and anesthesia pain management)

• Arthroscopic Treatment of concomitant internal joint problems that are causing local pain and thereby stimulating the R.S.D. condition

• Continuous Passive Motion Treatment under Epidural Blockade

Prepatellar or other Bursitis

• Fluid Aspiration (drainage) and Injection Treatment

• Surgical Removal of Bursa (arthroscopically if possible)

Popliteal ("Baker's") Cysts;
Ganglion Cysts

• Fluid Aspiration (drainage) and Injection Treatment

• Surgical Cyst Removal

Meniscus Cysts

• Injection Treatment

• Arthroscopic Cyst Decompression with Partial Meniscectomy

Fat Pad Hypertrophy/Impingement Syndrome (Hoffa's Disease)

• Injection Treatment

• Arthroscopic Fat Pad Reduction

Knee Joint Fractures

• Arthroscopic Bone Fragment Repositioning and Fixation using pins or screws

• Open (non-arthroscopic) Bone Fragment Repositioning and Fixation with pins or screws

• Bone Grafting

Osgood-Schlatter's Disease

• Activity Modification vs. Splinting, followed by Physical Therapy (children)

• Patellar Tendon Debridement with Removal of Painful Bone Ossicles (symptomatic adults)

"Loose Bodies"

(free-floating pieces of cartilage

or bone in the knee)

• Arthroscopic Removal

Knee Plica Syndrome

• Physical Therapy / Injection Treatment

• Arthroscopic Plica Removal

Avascular Bone Necrosis
(femur, tibia or patella)

• Arthroscopic Drilling / Decompression

• Osteochondral Auto- or Allo-grafting

• Joint Replacement Surgery

Rotator Cuff Problems

• Impingement

• Tendonitis

• Bursitis

• Tears: partial or complete,small or large

• Spurs

• Calcium deposits, calcific tendonitis

A-C Joint Problems

• Sprains

• Subluxations

• Dislocations

• Arthritis

• Distal clavicle osteolysi

Unstable Shoulder

• Dislocations

• Subluxations

• Labral tears

• SLAP Tears

Clavicle Problems

• Fractures

• Nonunions

• Malunions

• Osteolysis 

Fractures

• Clavicle

• Humerus

• Glenoid

• Scapula

Scapula Problems

• Winging

• Fractures

• "Snapping" scapula

• Bursitis 

Masses

• Cysts (ganglion)

• Lipomas

Muscle Ruptures

• Pectoralis major

• Deltoid

• Triceps

• Biceps

• Subscapularis

Biceps Tendon Problems

• Tendonitis

• Rupture, tear

• Dislocation; subluxations

• SLAP tears

Sternoclavicular Joint Problems

• Sprains

• Subluxations

• Dislocations

• Arthritis

Stiffness

• Frozen shoulder

• Adhesive capsulitis

• Loss of motion following surgery/trauma

Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis: age-related, degenerative

• Post-traumatic arthritis (after fracture)

• Rheumatoid arthritis due to rotator cuff tear

• Avascular necrosis arthritis (atraumatic)

• Arthritis following surgery for shoulder instability 

Malunions/Nonunions

• Clavicle

• Humerus

• Glenoid

• Scapula

Acromion Problems

• Os acromiale (growth plate problem)

• Spurs

• Fractures

Nerve Problems

• Nerve injuries

• Nerve palsies, paralysis: long thoracic, spinal accessory, axillary

• Suprascapular nerve entrapment (with or without associated ganglion cyst)

Muscles

• Deltoid detachment

• Deltoid paralysis

• Trapezius paralysis

• Serratus anterior paralysis

Infections

Post-Operative Shoulder Problems

Tendon Problems

• Biceps tendon tear

• Triceps tendon tear

• "Snapping" Triceps

• Lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow")

• Medial epicondylitis
  ("golfer's elbow")

Malunion/Nonunion

• Humerus

• Radius

• Ulna

• Radial head

• Radial neck

• Olecranon

• Capitellum

• Coronoid

Instability

• Dislocations

• Ligament injuries

• Capsular injuries

Stiffness

• Post-traumatic

• Ectopic (heterotopic) ossification

Infections

Post-Operative Elbow Problems

Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis: 
  age- related, degenerative.

• Post-traumatic arthritis (after fracture)

• Rheumatoid arthritis

Loose Bodies

• "Catching"

• Loss of motion

• Osteochondritis dissecans

Nerve Problems

• Ulnar nerve compression (cubital tunnel syndrome)

• Radial nerve compression (radial tunnel syndrome

Fractures

• Humerus

• Radius

• Ulna

• Radial head

• Radial neck

• Olecranon

• Capitellum

• Coronoid

Masses

• Lipomas

• Cysts (ganglion)